Publication
The Digital Jury: AI-Generated Evidence and the Blurry Boundaries of Truth in International Arbitration
March 21, 2026
Author | Le Minh Sang
Le Minh Sang, Counsel at Co & Ro Avocats, asks what international arbitration does when the evidence itself may have been generated — deepfaked recordings, synthetic documents, and outputs produced by models no party can fully inspect.
The article sets out three difficulties tribunals now face: establishing authenticity and provenance when a convincing artefact costs almost nothing to produce; scrutinising algorithmic material whose reasoning is opaque even to the party relying on it; and working within procedural frameworks that were not drafted with any of this in mind. It then turns to Vietnam, where the Law on Commercial Arbitration 2010 leaves these questions largely unanswered at a moment when the country is positioning itself as a regional arbitration seat.
It closes with recommendations for tribunals and for VIAC, drawing on the reliability standards emerging from CIArb and the Silicon Valley Arbitration and Mediation Center.
The piece was published in the Sciences Po Law Review (Revue des Juristes de Sciences Po).